Table header cells must not be empty

Rule empty-table-header · Deeper checks · impact serious · Static + live

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Why it matters#

A table header cell () without an accessible name is indistinguishable from a data cell for assistive technology users. Screen readers cannot announce what the column or row contains.

How to fix#

Add text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby to every . For purely decorative spacer cells use aria-hidden="true" instead.

Example#

<table><tr><th></th><td>Cell</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><th>Name</th><td>Alice</td></tr></table>

WCAG success criteria#

1.3.1 Info and Relationships — Level A#

Structure and relationships conveyed visually (headings, lists, tables, labels, groups) must also be available programmatically.

Understanding 1.3.1

4.1.2 Name, Role, Value — Level A#

Every UI component must expose a correct name, role, and (where relevant) state/value to assistive technology.

Understanding 4.1.2

Standards#

This rule contributes to the following standards:

WCAG A EN 301 549

References#

• WCAG — Info and Relationships